مدل‌یابی رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان عراقی بر اساس کارکرد خانواده، الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و تعارض والد–نوجوان: نقش میانجی نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی

رحیم بدری گرگری; شهروز نعمتی; شهرام واحدی; عرفان جاسم احمد

Authors

Rahim Badri Gargari Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9579-5283
Shahrooz Nemati Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-9749
Shahram Vahedi Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Translator https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-2294
Erfan Jasem Ahmd PhD Student in Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-8977

Keywords:

Risky behaviors, Iraqi adolescents, family functioning, Family Communication Patterns, parent–adolescent conflict, basic psychological needs

Abstract

This study aimed to model risky behaviors among Iraqi adolescents based on family functioning, family communication patterns, and parent–adolescent conflict, with particular emphasis on the mediating role of basic psychological needs. This applied study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised all Iraqi upper-secondary school students in Salah al-Din Province during the 2025–2026 academic year. A sample of 300 adolescents was selected using multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Revised Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (RFCP), Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), and Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS). Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. All direct paths in the structural model were statistically significant. Family functioning (β=0.343), conversation orientation (β=-0.256), conformity orientation (β=0.267), conflict behavior (β=0.332), and basic psychological needs (β=-0.498) had significant direct effects on risky behaviors. Family functioning (β=-0.394), conversation orientation (β=0.374), conformity orientation (β=-0.286), and conflict behavior (β=-0.397) also significantly predicted basic psychological needs. The indirect effects of conversation orientation (-0.185), conformity orientation (0.145), and conflict behavior (0.200) on risky behaviors supported the mediating role of basic psychological needs. The model explained 50.3% of the variance in risky behaviors and 33.1% of the variance in basic psychological needs. Fit indices indicated satisfactory model fit (CFI=0.95, TLI=0.92, IFI=0.97, RFI=0.97, NFI=0.96). Basic psychological needs constitute an important mediating mechanism linking family-related factors to risky behaviors among Iraqi adolescents. Accordingly, preventive interventions may be strengthened by simultaneously improving family interactions and communication patterns, reducing parent–adolescent conflict, and promoting the satisfaction of adolescents’ basic psychological needs.

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