تأثیر نوروفیدبک و شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی بر حافظه فعال در سالمندان مبتلا به آلزایمر
کلمات کلیدی:
نوروفیدبک, شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی, حافظه فعال, آلزایمر, سالمندانچکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی نوروفیدبک و شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی بر حافظه فعال سالمندان مبتلا به بیماری آلزایمر انجام شد. این پژوهش کاربردی و از نوع شبهآزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون، پسآزمون و پیگیری یکماهه همراه با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری شامل 400 سالمند ساکن آسایشگاه معلولین و سالمندان کهریزک تهران در سال 1400 بود که از میان آنان 45 سالمند مبتلا به آلزایمر خفیف به روش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب و پس از همگنسازی سنی، بهصورت تصادفی در سه گروه 15 نفری نوروفیدبک، شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و گواه قرار گرفتند. حافظه فعال با آزمون ظرفیت حافظه فعال دانیمن و کارپنتر ارزیابی شد. مداخله نوروفیدبک در 10 جلسه 45 دقیقهای با دستگاه ProComp2 و مداخله شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی در 10 جلسه یکساعته براساس پروتکل کران اجرا شد. دادهها با تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی در نرمافزار SPSS-23 تحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل چندمتغیری نشان داد اثر کلی مداخلات بر حافظه فعال معنادار بود (F=9.37، P=0.001، η²=0.309). تحلیل اندازهگیری مکرر نشان داد نوروفیدبک و شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی در مقایسه با گروه گواه موجب افزایش معنادار اندوزش (P=0.001) و پردازش (P=0.014) شدند. همچنین اثر زمان و تعامل زمان × گروه برای مؤلفههای حافظه فعال معنادار بود (P=0.001). نتایج آزمون بنفرونی تفاوت معنادار گروههای نوروفیدبک و شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی با گروه گواه و نیز تفاوت معنادار پیشآزمون با پسآزمون و پیگیری را نشان داد؛ در حالی که تفاوت پسآزمون و پیگیری معنادار نبود که بیانگر پایداری اثر مداخلات بود. تفاوت معناداری نیز میان دو مداخله فعال در بهبود حافظه فعال مشاهده نشد. نوروفیدبک و شناختدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی هر دو میتوانند بهعنوان مداخلات غیردارویی مؤثر و نسبتاً پایدار برای تقویت حافظه فعال سالمندان مبتلا به آلزایمر خفیف مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. فقدان تفاوت معنادار میان دو مداخله نشان میدهد هر دو رویکرد، با وجود برخورداری از سازوکارهای متفاوت، ظرفیت مناسبی برای استفاده در برنامههای توانبخشی شناختی سالمندان مبتلا به آلزایمر دارند.
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حق نشر 1404 Mahboubeh Gandomkar (Author); Mahdi Nayyeri (Corresponding author); Ali Akbar Samari (Author)

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