شناسایی و تبیین ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های فرهنگ یادگیری دانش‌آموزان: مرور نظام‌مند

نویسندگان

  • زهرا مشکوة گروه برنامه‌ریزی درسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. نویسنده
  • علیرضا صادقی گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران. نویسنده مسئول
  • محمد نیرو گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. نویسنده
  • حسین چهارباشلو استاد مدعو، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. نویسنده

کلمات کلیدی:

فرهنگ یادگیری, دانش‌آموزان, مرور نظام‌مند, تحلیل مضمون, رهبری آموزشی, عدالت آموزشی

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تبیین نظام‌مند ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های اصلی فرهنگ یادگیری دانش‌آموزان و ارائه تصویری جامع از عوامل فردی، آموزشی، سازمانی، اجتماعی و فناورانه مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری آن انجام شد. پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و به روش مرور نظام‌مند انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل مقالات فارسی منتشرشده در سال‌های ۱۳۹۰ تا ۱۴۰۳ و مقالات لاتین منتشرشده در فاصله ۲۰۱۰ تا ۲۰۲۵ بود. جست‌وجو در پایگاه‌های معتبر داخلی و بین‌المللی با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط با فرهنگ یادگیری، فرهنگ مدرسه و یادگیری دانش‌آموزان انجام گرفت. مطالعات بر اساس معیارهای ورود و خروج از پیش تعیین‌شده غربالگری و کیفیت روش‌شناختی آن‌ها با چک‌لیست CASP ارزیابی شد. در نهایت، ۶۸ مطالعه واجد شرایط وارد تحلیل شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA 2020 کدگذاری و سازمان‌دهی شدند. برای ارزیابی پایایی تحلیل نیز توافق بین دو کدگذار محاسبه شد که ضریب کاپای ۰٫۸۵ نشان‌دهنده پایایی مطلوب بود. سنتز تحلیلی شواهد نشان داد فرهنگ یادگیری دانش‌آموزان پدیده‌ای چندبعدی و حاصل تعامل متقابل عوامل انسانی و ساختاری در اکوسیستم مدرسه است. هفت مضمون اصلی شامل فرهنگ مدرسه، رهبری و مدیریت آموزشی، توسعه حرفه‌ای معلمان، برنامه درسی و روش‌های تدریس، تعاملات اجتماعی و مشارکت، فناوری و یادگیری دیجیتال، و عدالت آموزشی و حساسیت فرهنگی شناسایی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد فرهنگ مدرسه بستر بنیادی یادگیری را فراهم می‌کند؛ اثربخشی رهبری آموزشی در پیوند با فرهنگ یادگیری تحقق می‌یابد؛ توسعه حرفه‌ای معلمان هم محرک و هم پیامد فرهنگ یادگیری است؛ روش‌های فعال تدریس بدون بستر فرهنگی حمایت‌کننده اثربخشی کامل ندارند؛ و فناوری آموزشی زمانی به ارتقای یادگیری منجر می‌شود که با شایستگی دیجیتال معلمان همراه باشد. همچنین، تعاملات اجتماعی و تحقق عدالت آموزشی و حساسیت فرهنگی از الزامات پایداری فرهنگ یادگیری شناخته شدند. فرهنگ یادگیری دانش‌آموزان باید به‌عنوان یک سازه یکپارچه و چندسطحی مورد توجه قرار گیرد و ارتقای آن مستلزم مداخلات هماهنگ در فرهنگ مدرسه، رهبری، توانمندسازی معلمان، برنامه درسی، مشارکت اجتماعی، فناوری و عدالت آموزشی است.

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مشکوة ز.، صادقی ع.، نیرو م.، و چهارباشلو ح. (1406). شناسایی و تبیین ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های فرهنگ یادگیری دانش‌آموزان: مرور نظام‌مند. مجله شناخت، رفتار، یادگیری، 1-32. https://journalcbl.com/index.php/jcbl/article/view/jcbl-2608-9331

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