Designing a Blended Curriculum for Entrepreneurship Skills for Sixth-Grade Elementary Students
Keywords:
Curriculum, Entrepreneurship Skills, Blended Curriculum, Project-Based Learning, Elementary Education, Sixth GradeAbstract
This study aimed to design a blended curriculum for developing entrepreneurship skills among sixth-grade elementary students. The study employed an exploratory mixed-methods design with emphasis on the qualitative phase. Participants included experts in curriculum planning, entrepreneurship education, elementary education, and educational technology who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were analyzed using grounded theory procedures, including open, axial, and selective coding, to extract the main dimensions and components of the blended entrepreneurship curriculum. The inferential analysis of qualitative data identified the core category as “designing and implementing a skill-oriented blended entrepreneurship curriculum based on active and project-based learning.” The final model consisted of six major dimensions: skill-oriented objectives, situated and realistic content, active teaching strategies, project-based and practical learning activities, formative and performance-based assessment, and implementation and support requirements. The findings indicated that the effectiveness and feasibility of the curriculum depend on the alignment of measurable skill-based objectives, contextualized content, facilitative teacher roles, transparent assessment criteria, school and family support, simple educational resources, and localization of learning experiences. The designed blended curriculum provides a practical, localized, and school-compatible framework for fostering entrepreneurship skills in sixth-grade elementary students. It can support the integration of face-to-face learning, practical experience, and simple digital tools in elementary entrepreneurship education.
Downloads
References
Adeosun, A. T., & Aruleba, T. J. (2025). Advancement of entrepreneurship education through emotional intelligence and social intelligence. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 13(1), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijsber.2013/vol13n15172
Afeli, S. A., & Adunlin, G. (2022). Curriculum content for innovation and entrepreneurship education in US pharmacy programs. Industry and Higher Education, 36(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422220986314
Bauman, A., & Lucy, C. (2021). Enhancing entrepreneurial education: Developing competencies for success. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.005
Chen, L., Ifenthaler, D., & Yau, J. Y. K. (2021). Online and blended entrepreneurship education: A systematic review of applied educational technologies. Entrepreneurship Education, 4, 191-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00047-7
Chotisarn, N., & Phuthong, T. (2026). Reducing Gaps in Digital Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of Innovative Learning Strategies and Their Institutional Impact. The International Journal of Management Education, 24(1), 101283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101283
Dehaghan, A. A. (2021). Presentation and validation of a conceptual model and supplementary guide package based on components of career guidance and entrepreneurship in sixth-grade and lower-secondary textbooks Allameh Tabataba'i University].
Delamarre, A., Shernoff, E., Buche, C., Frazier, S., Gabbard, J., & Lisetti, C. (2021). The interactive virtual training for teachers (IVT-T) to practice classroom behavior management. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 152, 102646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102646
Elsa, D., Islami, N., Mahdum, M., Copriady, J., & Putra, Z. H. (2026). Transforming Entrepreneurship Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Bibliometric Review and Future Research Agenda. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-026-00174-z
Mukhtar, S., Wardana, L. W., Wibowo, A., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2021). Does entrepreneurship education and culture promote students' entrepreneurial intention? The mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1918849. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1918849
Olutuase, S. O., Brijlal, P., & Yan, B. (2023). Model for stimulating entrepreneurial skills through entrepreneurship education in an African context. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 35(2), 263-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1786645
Rixon, A., Phelan, A., Ekberg, S., Senyard, J., Mashahady, A., Shaw, A., & Birdthistle, N. (2026). Entrepreneurship education for nurses and healthcare professionals: A scoping review and future research agenda. Nurse Education in Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2026.104716
Tarrats-Pons, E. (2025). The Power of Passion: Transforming Grit Into Self-Efficacy for Entrepreneurial Growth in Education. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7123640/v1
Tatpuje, D., Jadhav, V., Shewale, R., & Ganbote, A. (2025). Study on Designing a Framework for the Curriculum of the Social Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Entrepreneurial Researchers, 2(2), 093-107.
Thottoli, M. M., Cruz, M. E., & Al Abri, S. S. S. (2025). The Incubation Revolution: Transforming Entrepreneurial Education with Artificial Intelligence. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 19(1), 2-23.
Tittel, A., & Terzidis, O. (2020). Entrepreneurial competences revised: Developing a consolidated and categorized list of entrepreneurial competences. Entrepreneurship Education, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-019-00021-4
Wang, C., Mundorf, N., & Salzarulo-McGuigan, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurial creativity: The mediating role of entrepreneurial inspiration. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100570
Widodo, W., Baswedan, A. R., Suyata, P., & Saputra, W. N. E. (2025). Entrepreneurship Education in Vocational Schools: An Indonesian Model. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (Ijere), 14(1), 373. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i1.32317
Winarno, A., Aini, D. N., Fuad, M., & Salleh, N. H. M. (2025). The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Education, Social Institutions and Business Experience to the Growth of Small and Medium Industries (Malang Regency Case, Indonesia). JLSDGR, 5(5), e06432. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n05.pe06432
Yasmeen, T. (2025). Perspective Chapter: The Role of Educational Leadership in Promoting Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education – Evidence From Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1012846
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 1404 حمید محمودی (نویسنده); فروغ تصدیقی (نویسنده مسئول); غلامرضا اصلانی, محمد صنوبری (نویسنده)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.