تبیین مؤلفهها و شاخصهای نظارت تعلیماتی مدیران مدارس ابتدایی
کلمات کلیدی:
نظارت تعلیماتی, مدیر مدرسه, تحلیل مضمون, مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری, بازخورد حرفهایچکیده
هدف این پژوهش تبیین مؤلفهها و شاخصهای نظارت تعلیماتی مدیران مدارس ابتدایی بر اساس رویکرد ترکیبی اکتشافی است. این پژوهش با رویکرد آمیخته اکتشافی انجام شد؛ در بخش کیفی، ۱۳ نفر از خبرگان مدیریت آموزشی با روش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب و دادهها از طریق مصاحبه نیمهساختاریافته گردآوری و با تحلیل مضمون در سه مرحله کدگذاری تحلیل شد. در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه محققساخته مبتنی بر یافتههای کیفی در میان ۳۳۵ نفر از مدیران مدارس ابتدایی توزیع شد که با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای انتخاب شده بودند. دادهها با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری بررسی شد و شاخصهای پایایی و روایی ابزار بهطور کامل گزارش گردید. نتایج نشان داد که هفت مؤلفه اصلی شامل تعامل حرفهای، نظارت اخلاقی، بازخورددهی سازنده، نظارت حمایتی، نظارت تحولآفرین، نظارت مستمر و نظارت مبتنی بر شواهد ساختار نظارت تعلیماتی را تشکیل میدهند. در تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، این هفت عامل ۷۲.۱ درصد واریانس را تبیین کردند و بارهای عاملی در دامنه 0.52 تا 0.86 قرار داشت. تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد که شاخصهای برازش مدل مناسب است (GFI=0.91؛ CFI=0.95؛ RMSEA=0.047). نتایج مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نیز نشان داد که همه مؤلفهها بهطور معناداری بر عامل کلی نظارت تعلیماتی بارگذاری میشوند و مؤلفههای اخلاقی و تعامل حرفهای بالاترین ضرایب استانداردشده را داشتند. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که نظارت تعلیماتی کارآمد مدیران مدارس ابتدایی مستلزم ترکیب رویکردی اخلاقمحور، ارتباط حرفهای مؤثر، بازخورددهی سازنده، حمایت مداوم، تحولخواهی و اتکا به شواهد است و مدل ارائهشده میتواند مبنایی معتبر برای برنامهریزی توسعه حرفهای مدیران باشد.
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حق نشر 2025 علی پناه سیفی (نویسنده); ابراهیم پورحسینی (نویسنده مسئول); راضیه جلیلی (نویسنده)

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