پیشبینی امنیت دلبستگی کودکان بر اساس رفتارهای مراقبتی خاله بهعنوان شخصیت دلبستگی جایگزین
کلمات کلیدی:
امنیت دلبستگی, رفتارهای مراقبتی, خاله, شخصیت دلبستگی جایگزین, کودکان, مراقبت مقتدرانهچکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیشبینی امنیت دلبستگی کودکان بر اساس رفتارهای مراقبتی خاله بهعنوان شخصیت دلبستگی جایگزین انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی ـ همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کودکان ۵ تا ۱۰ ساله شهر مشهد بود که به دلیل شرایط خانوادگی، خاله مسئولیت اصلی مراقبت روزانه آنان را بر عهده داشت. نمونه پژوهش شامل ۲۵۰ کودک بود که به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش امنیت دلبستگی کودکان از مقیاس امنیت دلبستگی و برای ارزیابی رفتارهای مراقبتی خاله از پرسشنامه شیوههای فرزندپروری با تمرکز بر سه بعد مقتدرانه، مستبدانه و سهلگیرانه استفاده شد. دادهها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه به روش همزمان تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که رفتار مراقبتی مقتدرانه خاله با امنیت دلبستگی کودک رابطه مثبت و معناداری داشت (r=۰.۵۷، p<۰.۰۱)، در حالی که رفتارهای مستبدانه (r=-۰.۴۱، p<۰.۰۱) و سهلگیرانه (r=-۰.۲۹، p<۰.۰۱) با امنیت دلبستگی رابطه منفی و معناداری داشتند. مدل رگرسیون چندگانه معنادار بود (F(۳، ۲۴۶)=۵۰.۲۶، p<۰.۰۰۱) و ۳۸ درصد از واریانس امنیت دلبستگی کودکان را تبیین کرد. رفتار مقتدرانه قویترین پیشبین مثبت امنیت دلبستگی بود (β=۰.۴۹، p<۰.۰۰۱)، در حالی که رفتار مستبدانه (β=-۰.۲۴، p<۰.۰۰۱) و رفتار سهلگیرانه (β=-۰.۱۴، p=۰.۰۱۵) پیشبینهای منفی و معنادار آن بودند. نتایج نشان داد کیفیت رفتارهای مراقبتی خاله در خانوادههایی که وی نقش مراقب اصلی را بر عهده دارد، با امنیت دلبستگی کودک ارتباط معناداری دارد. رفتارهای گرم، پاسخگو، حمایتگر و همراه با حدود روشن میتوانند امنیت رابطه را تقویت کنند، در حالی که رفتارهای کنترلگر یا فاقد ثبات با امنیت کمتر همراهاند. بنابراین، خاله میتواند در صورت برخورداری از مراقبت پایدار و حمایتگر بهعنوان یک شخصیت دلبستگی جایگزین معنادار برای کودک عمل کند.
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حق نشر 1404 غزاله جاودانی باروح (نویسنده مسئول); فخری السادات حسینی, نواب کاظمی (نویسنده)

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