Designing a Knowledge Commercialization Model in Technical and Vocational Schools

Abstract

This study aims to design a model for knowledge commercialization in Iranian technical and vocational schools to identify and explain its dimensions, components, and requirements. This research is applied in purpose and qualitative in methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in technical and vocational education, school principals, and entrepreneurship specialists. Data analysis was performed using the grounded theory approach through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The instrument’s validity was confirmed by expert opinion, and reliability was established through inter-coder agreement (87%). Findings revealed that knowledge commercialization in vocational schools is a multidimensional phenomenon operating at three levels: individual factors (professional self-concept, entrepreneurial attitude, economic motivation, and skill-based self-confidence); educational and organizational factors (teachers’ professional attitude and commitment, educational flexibility, school infrastructure, and transformational leadership); and environmental and institutional factors (labor market acceptance, legal support, incentive policies, and school–industry collaboration). Successful knowledge commercialization requires the integration of these three levels. Institutionalizing entrepreneurial attitudes among students and teachers, streamlining management structures, and fostering industry–education collaboration are essential pillars for achieving successful knowledge commercialization. The proposed model provides a basis for policymaking and planning to strengthen the role of vocational schools in the national knowledge-based economy.